Topic 1: Gaseous Exchange
Topic 2: Human Gas Exchange
Topic 3: Excretion
Topic 4: Urinary System
Topic 5: Population Size
Topic 6: Interactions in the Environment
Topic 1 · Respiration and Adaptations
Gaseous Exchange
Respiration, breathing and diffusion, efficient exchange surfaces, and adaptations in plants and animals.
Topic 2 · Breathing and Respiratory Health
Human Gas Exchange
The human breathing system, ventilation, gas transport, respiratory health, smoking and high-altitude adaptations.
Topic 3 · Metabolic Waste Removal
Excretion
Metabolic waste, why it must be removed, and the roles of the skin, lungs, kidneys and digestive elimination route.
Topic 4 · Kidneys and Homeostasis
Urinary System
Kidney and nephron structure, urine formation, hormonal control of water and salts, and kidney health.
Topic 5 · Population Ecology
Population Size
Births, deaths and movement, carrying capacity, environmental resistance, limiting factors and population-growth curves.
Topic 6 · Ecology and Human Impacts
Interactions in the Environment
Predation, competition, resource partitioning and symbiosis, human populations, climate, water, food security and conservation.